民谣歌手拿诺贝尔文学奖指南|荔枝时评

2016年10月14日 09:27:16 | 来源:荔枝网

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  /何麻

  (作者何麻,“荔枝新闻”特约评论员,知名评论人;本文系“荔枝网”及旗下“荔枝新闻”手机客户端独家约稿,转载请注明出处。)

  当罗伯特·齐默曼用英国现代诗人迪伦·托马斯的名字为自己取了艺名,又把美国民谣伍迪格斯里的木吉他作为自己的象征时,他或许从没想过,鲍勃•迪伦的名字将成为现代文化的一部分。

  鲍勃•迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖,老迪伦又一次站在了大众面前:这一次,他被权威标注为民谣界最会搞文学创作的人。

  鲍勃•迪伦是谁?在获得诺贝尔文学奖之后,我们或许应该重新询问自己这个问题。毕竟更多时候,想起鲍勃•迪伦,我们只会哼着答案在风中飘扬,追溯美国那段平权运动的历史。

  可惜倘若如此,北京那些蹦跶着嘶吼着的地下乐队早就该把诺贝尔文学奖拿到手软。

  作为一个拥有着公鸭嗓子和二流作曲水平的三流演唱家,鲍勃•迪伦却成了60年代至今永不过时的文化偶像,靠的是浩如烟海的歌词。

  鲍勃•迪伦的歌词内容有多丰富?一首答案在风中飘扬,反战人士理解为反战歌曲,平权运动理解为抗议歌曲,青年人理解为叛逆和自由,中年人则听出了生活的真相。

  如果不配上几个时代注释和八卦周边,我们不得不承认,除了那些情歌之外,很多鲍勃•迪伦的歌词并没有那么好理解,就连被称为美国第二国歌的像一块滚石,都有着文艺青年版和忧伤大叔版。

  看过近年来鲍勃•迪伦演出的人或许有一个印象:难听。从流行音乐的角度看,鲍勃•迪伦的歌简直不能算歌,在现场演出里,那最多叫,配乐诗朗诵,或者,是有感情地朗诵歌词。

  这是鲍勃•迪伦的把戏,他说:“我唱的民歌绝对不容易入耳,它们并不友善,也不圆润滑顺……歌曲对我来说远不只是轻松的娱乐而已。歌曲是我的导师,它们引领我,带我到另一种对现实的意识,带我到某个不一样的共和国,某个解放了的共和国……一个‘看不到的共和国’。”

  这正是鲍勃•迪伦与民谣歌手、抗议歌手、地下歌手等等不同的地方。鲍勃•迪伦从未将音乐视为媚俗或工具,因而,他的民谣从未局限在此时此地,而我们回想历史,性手枪的专辑除了历史价值之外,多半已成为尘埃。

  保罗·策兰在阐述诗人的使命时曾这样表述,诗人要穿过这个时代,是穿过,而不是越过。

  这用来形容鲍勃•迪伦的歌大概最恰当不过。穿过时代,意味着要对时代的主题负责,而“穿过”的完成时则要求艺术的永恒。回想“像一块滚石”的歌词,“你孑然一身,你无家可归,你默默无闻,像一颗滚石”,这首诞生在嬉皮运动和抗议活动中的1965年的歌曲,如今听起来,依旧能让在北上广深夜加班的白领们眼泪乱飞。

  瑞典学院常务秘书长莎拉丹纽尔说,尽管这个结果可能让人惊奇,但要是你回望过去的5000年,你会发现荷马和萨福。他们写下的充满诗意的篇章本身就是用来表演的,鲍勃迪伦就是如此。我们如今仍在阅读荷马和萨福,而且我们都乐在其中。”

  你看,诺贝尔文学奖终于用这样一次颁奖为我们解释了两件事:一,为了反抗而反抗都是无病呻吟;二,从来只有文学,而没有严肃文学、大众文学、通俗文学。文学是为了自由,不管是唱歌、写诗还是小说,文学从来都只和自由有关。

  那么,民谣歌手究竟如何拿诺贝尔文学奖?或许要先学鲍勃•迪伦,敢于摔下木吉他就捡起电吉他,在演唱会上玩摇滚直至被哄下台,或者是不跟总统合影,直言政治就是娱乐?再或者,要先从不做摇滚教父开始,不趁着热点写时代鸡汤?

  总而言之,请不要像国内某些总把鲍勃迪伦挂在嘴边的摇滚教父,忙着在娱乐节目里穿着皮裤高喊梦想。

附:鲍勃•迪伦代表作之一:

Like a Rolling Stone 
Once upon a time you dressed so fine
You threw the bums a dime in your prime, didn't you?
didn't you?
People'd call, say, "Beware doll, you're bound to fall"
You thought they were all kiddin' you
You used to laugh about
Everybody that was hangin' out
Now you don't talk so loud
Now you don't seem so proud
About having to be scrounging for your next meal
How does it feel
How does it feel
To be on your own
With no direction home
Like a complete unknown
Like a rolling stone
You've gone to the finest school all right, Miss Lonely
But you know you only used to get juiced in it
And nobody has ever taught you how to live on the street
And now you find out you're gonna have to get used to it
You said you'd never compromise
With the mystery tramp, but now you realize
He's not selling any alibies
As you stare into the vacuum of his eyes
And ask him do you want to make a deal?
How does it feel
How does it feel
To be without a home
With no direction home
Like a complete unknown
Like a rolling stone
You never turned around to see the frowns on the jugglers and the clowns
When they all come down and did tricks for you
You never understood that it ain't no good
You shouldn't let other people get your kicks for you
You used to ride on the chrome horse with your diplomat
Who carried on his shoulder a Siamese cat
Ain't it hard when you discover that
He really wasn't where it's at
After he took from you everything he could steal
How does it feel
How does it feel
To be without a home
With no direction home
Like a complete unknown
Like a rolling stone
Princess on the steeple and all the pretty people
They're drinkin', thinkin' that they got it made
Exchanging all kinds of precious gifts and things
But you'd better lift your diamond ring, you'd better pawn it babe
You used to be so amused
At Napoleon in rags and the language that he used
Go to him now, he calls you, you can't refuse
When you got nothing, you got nothing to lose
You're invisible now, you got no secrets to conceal
How does it feel
How does it feel
To be without a home
With no direction home
Like a complete unknown


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